By Cédric Lafond, physiotherapist at Complexe Physio Mouvement Santé
What Is a Concussion?
A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is defined as a complex process affecting the brain caused by a direct or indirect impact to the head or neck, leading to a variety of clinical symptoms.
In 75 to 80% of cases, there is no loss of consciousness following the impact. Since the incidence of mTBI is increasing every year, it is crucial to understand the possible consequences in order to manage it properly.
Concussion Symptoms
The symptoms of an mTBI fall into four categories. They may overlap between categories or accumulate within the same category.
Physical Symptoms
- Headaches
- Neck pain
- Dizziness and vertigo
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Sensitivity to noise and light
Cognitive Symptoms
- Confusion
- Difficulty staying focused
- Concentration problems
- Memory problems
Emotional Symptoms
- Irritability and impatience
- Anxiety and stress
- Emotional fluctuations
Sleep Disturbances
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Frequent awakenings
- Prolonged sleep
Prognosis and Associated Risks
The recovery prognosis of a concussion is generally good. Most cases resolve within 4 weeks after the initial impact. The recovery timeline varies depending on several factors such as:
- History of concussions
- Initial symptoms
- Age
- Presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Second Impact Syndrome: A Serious Risk
A major risk linked to concussions is second impact syndrome. This occurs when a second concussion happens before the first has fully healed, leading to massive brain swelling and permanent damage.
This syndrome primarily affects youth under the age of 20. It is therefore very important to ensure the first concussion is fully healed before resuming all previous activities without restriction. Follow-up with a health professional, such as a physiotherapist, is strongly recommended.
Physiotherapy Management
The Initial Evaluation
During the first consultation, the physiotherapist will:
- Gather the injury history
- Review current and past symptoms
- Check for a history of concussions
- Take associated conditions into account
Then, the physical exam assesses, among other things:
- Posture
- Range of motion
- Muscle tension
- Vestibular function if dizziness is present
Treatment and Symptom Management
Physiotherapy management focuses on symptom management and the gradual increase of activity.
Recommended Approaches
- Patient education: understanding the condition and its impacts in order to manage it better
- Cervical stabilization, stretching, and vestibular exercises (depending on symptoms): a commonly recommended exercise involves gently tucking the chin while rolling the head around an imaginary stick going through the ears. The superficial neck muscles should stay relaxed. This exercise activates the deep muscles that stabilize the head in space.
- Return-to-activity management guide: according to the INESSS protocol (to be personalized based on the condition).
Where to Consult a Physiotherapist?
Our physiotherapists at Complexe Physio Mouvement Santé in Granby are trained in concussion management. They can support you throughout your recovery.
Book an appointment with a physiotherapist today for care tailored to your situation.
Phone: (450) 375-2150
Email: info@readaptationsante.com
